Chapter  12

About four and one half billion years ago our protosun was slowly collapsing under the force of its gravity. As it did this, due to the immense compression caused by gravity it became extremely hot. Millions of degrees centigrade. The more compact it got the hotter it got. It was not alone in the sky, it was part of a community of stars and protostars. It lay in the outer regions of our galaxy, the Milky Way. It was being swept around the galaxy, along with its neighbors, at the tremendous speed of over 500,000 miles per hour. So far it had no satellites, (planets, moons, etc.) it’s gravity had sucked in most of the star dust from its vicinity for hundreds of millions of miles in every direction. It was getting close to the temperature and pressure required for a nuclear fusion reaction to occur. The protosun was like a giant nuclear hydrogen bomb waiting to be detonated.

When this tremendous event finally did occur the nuclear fusion reactions started up, in the hottest most dense area of the Sun. Tremendous amounts of radiant nuclear energy were suddenly created in the innards of the Sun. All of this newly released energy caused a sudden sustained violent increase in the pressure and temperature of the Sun creating tremendous chain reactions throughout its core region. These reactions did not just cause the star to began shining. It caused the Sun to violently expand to many times its former size and explode. The explosion sent its matter hurtling at great speed outward in every direction in all sizes and speeds, both gases and molten solids, from the size of small particles to the size of the giant planets. Some of it was hurled out at such a great velocity that it was lost forever to other regions of the galaxy.

Much of the debris eventually fell back, into the speeding Sun, if its trajectory was just right. Other debris, after it had expended its outward energy and had not broken free of the Sun's gravity, began to fall back toward the Sun. It fell back toward the Sun, but due to the Sun's great galactic speed and changing position always missed the Sun. This is the matter that became the planets, moons, comets, asteroids of our solar system. They are the survivors. It is like a skeet shooter who always aims directly at the clay pigeon, not allowing for a lead. His shot will never strike the pigeon simply because it will always have moved by the time the shot gets there. This is the basis on how our solar system works. It was a time of tremendous chaos in the solar vicinity, with all the matter rushing back toward the Sun from every direction crashing into each other and falling back into the Sun.

After the initial explosion, as the Sun expanded outwards, it began to cool. As it cooled the area that a fusion reaction could take place became smaller and smaller. Some of the fusion reaction began to shut down. The expansion eventually came to a halt as the fusion energy was no longer powerful enough to sustain the outward momentum. Finally the Sun began to contract. This at first stabilized the fusion reaction and then as the gravitational contraction of the Sun continued, the area of the reaction again began to increase. When the Sun had contracted to the point where the area of reaction was again very large, the Sun again expanded and exploded outward with tremendous force sending more matter hurling out into space.

This time however the expansion and explosion was not as powerful as the first event. This sequence of events happened again and again, each time the explosion was weaker and the expansion and contraction not as great as the previous event. This pulsation of the Sun gradually diminished, after millions of Earth years, until it finally stabilized and became a mature star. This expansion and contraction rhythm may continue today at a very attenuated pace, perhaps causing our regularly reoccurring ice ages. Scientists have determined that the glaciers of our last ice age began receding at both poles simultaneously indicating; a period of diminished solar radiation could have caused these ice ages. This periodic expansion and contraction is simply the balancing act of the Sun's gravitational and nuclear fusion forces.

Eventually out of all this chaos and turmoil our orderly solar system began to emerge. The Sun had slowly settled down from its tremendous expansions and contractions of earlier times. Most of its matter had fallen back into the Sun, some had been lost and a small percentage had begun oscillating back and forth across the Sun’s path. It began to emit a constant amount of radiant energy that did not fluctuate too much. (This made the existence of life on Earth possible). Its solar flares became less energetic. At that time they still occasionally spit out globs of molten matter and gases into space, some of which also became comets and other solar bodies. These prominences still occur today but now they do not have enough velocity to overcome the gravity of the mature Sun. The matter, hurling out in these present prominences does not have enough energy to escape from the vicinity of the Sun, into space and so, it falls back into the Sun. The solar flares that we observe today are very tame in comparison with the tremendously powerful solar prominences that occurred in the past ages when significant amounts of matter were hurled free of the Sun's vicinity, into possible orbit.

The debris of the early convulsions of the Sun (our solar bodies, the planets, moons, comets, asteroids etc.) are all constantly falling directly toward the Sun. Due to its tremendous galactic velocity, the Sun's position is constantly changing, so they seldom strike it. Millions of collisions have however, occurred between all the debris over the ages. The potmarks on the Moon, Mars and our Earth, etc. are evidence of the enormous number of these collisions. The bodies that collided with other bodies either fell back into the Sun or they were absorbed by the larger bodies of the solar system. The asteroid belt is probably made up of debris from a collision of two fairly large solar bodies whose paths crossed.

Over a period of millions of years, the solar bodies settled into their present orbits. The planets, moons etc. that are a present part of our solar system are the survivors of the millions of collisions that took place when the solar system was younger. They are now well spaced from each other and since they maintain their respective distances from the Sun are in little danger of colliding with each other. They are the survivors. This is the reason for Bode's Law. Comets are the exception to this rule.

The smaller planets and moons that survived all the collisions began to line up in the same plane as the larger planets. The planets, except for Pluto lined up in the approximate plane of Jupiter and the Sun. Pluto will probably line up eventually. The orbits' of the comets are tilted and are very elongated. They are in danger of someday colliding with another body in the solar system. They are probably much younger then the other solar bodies. They may have been born from later solar prominences or may be stray bodies that came from outside our system.

Halley's Comet travels in an orbit that is apparently opposite to the orbital direction of the other planets and has a long elliptical path that crosses the other planet's planes. It is in danger of possibly eventually colliding with one of the planets. Its plane intersects with the other planets' plane, between Mars and Earth's orbit. Even though the comet appears to be orbiting in a direction opposite to that of the planets, it actually approaches the Sun from the rear of its galactic path as do all the other permanent bodies in the solar system. They are all (planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) traveling in the same galactic direction and at nearly the same average speed as the Sun. The planets etc. actually travel faster then the Sun since their oscillating paths are slightly longer then the Sun's relatively straight galactic path. Halley's comet is actually traveling in the same direction as the rest of the planets. Its perihelion is on the opposite side of the Sun however, giving the illusion that its apparent orbital direction is retrograding relative to the planets.

The bodies of our Solar System do not really revolve around the Sun!! The apparent motions and actual motions of the solar bodies are very different when the galactic motion of the solar system is taken into account. Instead of revolving around a stationary Sun, the solar bodies are actually oscillating back and forth across the path of the Sun as it speeds along its path around the galaxy. They are always falling towards the speeding Sun but due to the Sun’s galactic motion, never collide with it.

The Sun and all its satellites are like one big close knit family traveling through space. Their galactic paths are dominated by the Sun's gravity and their inertia, which causes them to oscillate back and forth across its path, sometimes going faster then the Sun, sometimes slower. When a planet is behind the Sun, in its galactic orbit, it is being accelerated by the Sun's gravity. When it is in front of the Sun it is being restrained by the Sun's gravity and is slowing down. The solar bodies are always falling directly toward the Sun. Angular momentum is not a major factor in these motions, perhaps only at perihelion and aphelion, when the planets are changing their direction slightly.

Author's note:  (2015)   I am presently conducting an experiment to test if this hypothesis is correct. According to my paper "The Two Energies of Matter" all bodies of matter have two energies. One is "motion energy" which is relative to other bodies of matter - the other is "mass energy" which is relative to absolute space. A body's speed through space is always zero - but its mass does vary. Therefore when a body's "motion energy" is higher its "mass energy" will also be higher. This seems to be borne out in my experiment. The earth is slightly more massive in July (at Aphelion) then it is in January (at Perihelion). The "weight" in the experiment is slightly heavier in July then it is in January which would indicate that the earth is traveling its fastest relative to the sun in July. This is just the opposite to the accepted science current standard model.

The Two Energies of Matter

From January to July the earth is being accelerated by the Sun's gravity and is accelerating pass the sun. It is traveling fastest at Aphelion and Slowest at Perihelion as believed by scientists. I will take my final measurement in July.

From January 1 until July 1 the Earth is traveling down its path (at about 2 degrees diagonal to the Sun's path) behind the Sun and is being accelerated by the Sun's gravity. It crosses directly behind the Sun around April 1 and continues its accelerating until reaches its Aphelion July 1. It is moving at its greatest speed at this time. The apparent motion of the Earth (with a stationary Sun as reference) is that it is traveling very slow (the Sun's shadow is moving slow at this time). It is actually traveling extremely fast as a result of being accelerated by the Sun's gravity for the last six months and due to its inertia, is now passing the Sun . The Earth continues down its path, but it is now being restrained by the Sun's gravity. On about October 3, it crosses directly in front of the Sun, as the Sun speeds down its galactic path. Incidentally, if you look straight up around midnight (directly opposite to the the direction of the Sun) on this date, you will be looking straight down the solar system's forward galactic path.

It takes the Earth seven days longer to travel its path from April 1 to October 3, even though it is traveling at its greatest velocity at this time. This is because it has to travel from behind the Sun to in front of Sun, an additional 186 million miles in its galactic path. The Earth continues to speed down its path for the next three months. Now being constantly restrained by the Sun's gravity. Finally, around January 1st, it completes its cycle reaching its Perihelion. At Perihelion the apparent motion of the Earth gives the illusion that it is orbiting just opposite to the direction that it is actually traveling. It is now traveling its slowest and is closest to the Sun.

The Sun which travels at a relative constant speed, passes the slow moving Earth at this time. The Earth begins another cycle. To observers on Earth, it appears that the planet is moving very fast in the opposite direction. From the time of the ancient Greeks, finding the “true” motion of the Earth and the other solar bodies has challenged our astronomers. The “oscillating” perspective takes angular momentum pretty much out of the equation and shows us that all the other permanent bodies of the solar system have similar individual orderly galactic paths that are powered by the Sun's gravity and their inertia.

Our Earth was spinning very fast when it was spit out of the Sun as a molten glob four and one half billion years ago in the initial explosion. (Venus was spinning in an opposite direction when it was spit out and is still doing the same). The Earth settled down in a very fortunate orbit for the existence of life. At 93 million miles distance from the Sun it receives just about the right amount of radiant energy. Its spinning has gradually slowed down over these billion of years and is now settled into a comfortable 24 hour rotation at the present time. It will be millions of years in the future before it slows to a complete halt as our less massive moon already has.

In the days of the dinosaurs when the Earth was spinning faster, the days/night cycles were shorter. Going back a couple of billion years further, at one time the Earth was spinning so fast that it may have had a ring around it, similar to Saturn. The Earth was much more oblate at that time, the equatorial circumference perhaps being more then 1200 miles greater. The oceans were more concentrated around the equatorial zones, with much more shallow ocean depths at the poles. The oceans are still deeper at the equator then they are at the poles and the Earth is still slightly oblate. More about this in the next chapter.

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